1990 - 1993

1990, October 13 - The Syrian airforce attacks the Presidential Palace at B'abda, and Awn takes refuge in the French embassy. This date is regarded as the end of the civil war.

1990, December 24 - Umar Karami heads a government of national reconciliation.

1991 - The National Assembly orders the dissolution of all militias by 30 April, but Hezbollah is allowed to remain active and the South Lebanon Army (SLA) refuses to disband.

1991, May 22 - A Treaty of Brotherhood, Cooperation and Coordination is signed in Damascus by Lebanon and Syria and a Higher Council, co-chaired by their two presidents.

1991, July 1 - The Lebanese army defeats the PLO in Sidon so that it now confronts the Israelis and the SLA in Jazzin, north of the so-called "security zone".

1991, August 26 - The National Assembly grants an amnesty for all crimes committed during the civil war, 1975-1990. Awn receives a presidential pardon and is allowed to leave for France.

1991, October 30 - Lebanon participates in the Middle East Peace Conference launched in Madrid.

1992, February 16 - Shaykh Abbas al-Musawi, Secretary-General of Hezbollah, is killed when Israeli helicopter gun-ships attack his motorcade on a road south-east of Sidon.

1992, October 20 - After elections in August and September (the first since 1972), Nabih Birri, Secretary-General of the Shiite Amal organization, becomes speaker of the National Assembly.

1992, October 31 - Rafiq al-Hariri, a rich businessman, born in Sidon also holding a Saudi Arabian nationality, becomes prime minister.

1993, July 25 - Israel attempts to end the threat from Hezbollah and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command (PFLP-GC) in southern Lebanon by launching "Operation Accountability", the heaviest attack since 1982.